Kitsap County

Shoreline Stewardship

VIII. References

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Schmitt C, Schweigert, J, and Quinn, TP.  1994.  "Anthropogenic influences on fish populations of the Georgia Basin: I. Salmonids II. Marine fishes."  Review of the Marine Environment and Biota of Strait of Georgia, Puget Sound, and Juan de Fuca Strait.  Proceedings of the BC/Washington Symposium on the Marine Environment.  Page(s) 218-255.

Scholz AJ.  1990.  "Intertidal fisheries for hardshell clams and oysters."  Proceedings from the Forum on Puget Sound's Biological Resources - Status and Management.  Page(s) 66-78.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington.

Schwartz ML, BD Harp, BE Taggart, and M Chrzastowski.  1991.  Net shore drift in Washington State: Volume 3, Central Puget Sound region.  Shorelands and Coastal Zone Management Program, Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington.

Schwartz ML, R Wallace, and E Jacobsen.  1989.  Net shore-drift in Puget Sound.  Engineering geology in Washington: Volume 2.  Bulletin 78.  Wasthington State Division of Geology and Earth Resources.

Shepsis V, Kaminsky, GM, Simpson, DP, and Orders, D.  1995.  "Puget Sound wind wave analysis."  Proceedings of Puget Sound Research 1995.  Page(s) 84-91.  Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, Washington.

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Short FT and DM Burdick.   1996.  "Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts."  Estuaries 19(3):730.

Shreffler D.  1995.  Chimacum Creek estuary eelgrass survey and restoration assessment.  Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequim, Washington.

Shreffler DK, CA Simenstad, and RM Thom.  1992.  "Foraging by juvenile salmon in a restored estuarine wetland."  Estuaries 15(2):204.

Shull S.  2000.  Mapping seagrass meadows of Padilla Bay, Washington, using a 1996 compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) dataset.  M.S. Thesis.  Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Reprint Series No. 34.  Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington.

Simenstad CA.  1983.  The ecology of estuarine channels of the Pacific Northwest coast: A community profile.  FWS/OBS-83/05.  Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington.  181 pp.

Simenstad CA.  2000.  Commencement Bay aquatic ecosystem assessment: Ecosystem-scale restoration for juvenile salmon recovery.  Prepared for City of Tacoma, Washington State Department of Natural Resources and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Simenstad CA and JR Cordell.  2000.  "Ecological assessment criteria for restoring anadromous salmonid habitat in Pacific Northwest estuaries."  Ecological Engineering 15:283.

Simenstad CA, JR Cordell, RC Wissmar, KL Fresh, SL Schroeder, M Carr, G Sanborn, and M Burg.  1988.  Assemblage structure, microhabitat distribution, and food web linkages of epibenthic crustaceans in Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Washington.  Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Reprint Series No. 9.  FRI-UW-8813.  Prepared for NOO/OCRM and MEMD by Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.  60 pp.

Simenstad CA, BS Miller, CF Nyblade, K Thornburgh, and LJ Bledsoe.  1979.  Food web relationships of northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca.  EPA 600/7-79-259.  Prepared for Office of Engineering and Technology, Office of Research and Development U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

Simenstad CA, BJ Nightingale, RM Thom, and DK Shreffler.  1999.  Impacts of ferry terminals on juvenile salmon migration along Puget Sound shorelines, phase I: Synthesis of state of knowledge.  Research Project T9903, Task A2.  Prepared for Washington State Transportation Commission, Olympia, Washington.

Simenstad CA, CD Tanner, RM Thom, and LL Conquest.  1991.  Estuarine habitat assessment protocol.  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington.

Simenstad CA and RM Thom.  1995.  "Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) as an invasive haliphyte in Pacific Northwest estuaries."  Hortus Northwest 1995(6):9, 38.

Sizemore B and M Ulrich.  2000.  Geoduck atlas: Atlas of major geoduck tracts of Puget Sound.  Point Whitney Shellfish Laboratory, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Brinnon, Washington.
Sloan NA and SMC Robinson.  1983.  "Winter feeding by asteroids on a subtidal sandbed in British Columbia."  Ophelia 22(2):125.

Spence BC, GA Lomnicky, RM Hughes, and RP Novitzki.  1996.  An ecosystem approach to salmonid conservation.  TR-4501-96-6057.  ManTech (Management Technology) Environmental Research Services Corp., Corvallis, Oregon.

Stout HA, WH Gustafson, WH Lenarz, BB McCain, DM VanDoornick, TL Builder, and RD Methot.  2001a.  Status review of Pacific herring in Puget Sound, Washington.  NOAA Technical Memorandum.  NMFS-NWFSC-45.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Stout HA, BB McCain, RD Vetter, TL Builder, WH Lenarz, LL Johnson, and RD Methot.  2001b.  Status review of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus), quillback rockfish (S. maliger), and brown rockfish (S. auriculatus) in Puget Sound, Washington.  NOAA Technical Memorandum.  NMFW-NWFSC-45.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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Thom RM.  1978.  The composition, growth, seasonal periodicity, and habitats of benthic algae on the eastern shore of central Puget Sound, with special reference to sewage pollution.  Ph.D Dissertation.  College of Fisheries, University of Washington.  Seattle, Washington.  237 pp.

Thom RM.  1981.  Primary productivity and organic carbon input to Grays Harbor estuary, Washington.  Environmental Resources Section, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington.
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Thom RM.  1989.  Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats in Padilla Bay, Washington: A temperate north Pacific estuarine embayment.  NOAA Technical Report Series.  OCRM/MEMD, FRI-UW-8909.  Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, School of Fisheries, Seattle, Washington.

Thom RM, RG Albright, CA Simenstad, J Hampel, JR Cordell, and KK Chew.  1984.  Renton Sewage Treatment Plant Project: Seahurst Baseline Study. Volume IV, Section 5: Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic ecology.  FRI-UW-8413.  Fisheries Research Institute, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Thom RM, Antrim, LD, Borde, AB, Gardiner, WW, Shreffler, DKFPG, Norris, JG, Echverria, SW, and McKenzie, TP.  1998.  "Puget Sound's eelgrass meadows: Factors contributing to depth distribution and spatial patchiness."  Proceedings of Puget Sound Research 1998.  Page(s) 363-370.  Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, Washington.

Thom RM and L Hallum.  1990.  Long-term changes in the areal extent of tidal marshes, eelgrass meadows, and kelp forests of Puget Sound.  FRI-UW-9008.  Fisheries Research Institute, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Thom RM, TL Parkwell, DK Niyogi, and DK Shreffler.  1994a.  "Effects of graveling on the primary productivity, respiration, and nutrient flux of two estuarine tidal flats."  Marine Biology 118:329.

Thom RM, DK Shreffler, and KB Macdonald.  1994b.  Shoreline armoring effects on coastal ecology and biological resources in Puget Sound.  Coastal Erosion Management Studies, Volume 7.  Shorelands and Coastal Zone Management Program, Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington.

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Williams GD, RM Thom, JE Starkes, JS Brennan, JP Houghton, D Woodruff, PL Striplin, M Miller, M Pedersen, A Skillman, R Kropp , A Borde, C Freeland, K McArthur, V Fagerness, S Blanton, and L Blackmore.  2001.  Reconniassance assessment of the State of the Nearshore Ecosystem:  Eastern shore of central Puget Sound, including Vashion and Maury Islands (WRIAs 8 and 9).  Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources by Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pentec Environmental, Striplin Environmental Associates, Shapiro Associates, and King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, Washington.  353 pp.

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